Scenario :
Server : Windows WSUS Server 2016
Client : Windows 10, Windows Server 2016
Error Code : 0x8024401c on Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016

Solution :
1) Go to IIS Manager on WSUS Server

2) Goto Advance Settings of WsusPool.

3) Make sure following settings are present/configured on the Pool, if not change it to below:
Queue Length: 25000
Limit Interval (minutes): 15
"Service Unavailable" Response: TcpLevel
Private Memory Limit (KB): 0
Server : Windows WSUS Server 2016
Client : Windows 10, Windows Server 2016
Error Code : 0x8024401c on Windows 10 or Windows Server 2016
Solution :
1) Go to IIS Manager on WSUS Server
2) Goto Advance Settings of WsusPool.
3) Make sure following settings are present/configured on the Pool, if not change it to below:
Queue Length: 25000
Limit Interval (minutes): 15
"Service Unavailable" Response: TcpLevel
Private Memory Limit (KB): 0
4) Make sure, the WSUS Entry in the Registry is having fully qualified domain name of WSUS Server.
5) Stop the IIS
6) Edit the web.config located at following location on WSUS Server :
C:\Program Files\Update Services\WebServices\ClientWebService\web.config
Replace
<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="4096" />
with
<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="204800" executionTimeout="7200"/>
7) Start the IIS
8) Retry updating clients.
Done!
Let me know if it has helped to you.
Source : https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/1970827-wsus-on-server-2016-windows-10-1607-client-0x8024401c-error
6) Edit the web.config located at following location on WSUS Server :
C:\Program Files\Update Services\WebServices\ClientWebService\web.config
Replace
<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="4096" />
with
<httpRuntime maxRequestLength="204800" executionTimeout="7200"/>
7) Start the IIS
8) Retry updating clients.
Done!
Let me know if it has helped to you.
Source : https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/1970827-wsus-on-server-2016-windows-10-1607-client-0x8024401c-error